China is also one of the first countries in the world to discover and utilize oil. In the “Han Shu” written by Ban Gu (32-92 AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is recorded that “Gao Nu has water that can be ignited”. Gaonu is near Yanchang, Shaanxi, and Weishui is a tributary of the Yanhe River. “There is fertilizer in the water, you can take it and use it” (see “Shui Jing Zhu” by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty). The “fat” here refers to oil. Around 863 A.D., Duan Chengwu of the Tang Dynasty wrote “Youyang Zazu” that “Gaonu County’s stone fat water floats on the greasy water, like lacquer, and it is extremely bright when it is collected by burning lamps.” “Natural History” (written in 267) and “Shui Jing Zhu” of the Western Jin Dynasty all recorded that “the spring water from Nanshan, Yanshou County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, “the water has fat, like gravy, and when it is taken in a container, it starts to turn yellow and then turns black, like a gelatinous paste , burns very brightly, and is no different from ointment, and the ointment and water drum are very good, and the people in the other side call it stone paint.”
Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty in China read the sentence “There is water in Gaonu County, which is flammable”, and found it very strange. How could “water” burn? He decided to conduct a field trip. During the investigation, Shen Kuo discovered a brown liquid, which the locals called “shiqi” and “shizhi”, and used it to cook, light and heat. Shen Kuo figured out the nature and use of this liquid, and gave it a new name called oil, pointing out that “the most oil is born in the ground and is infinite.” And mobilize the common people to promote the use, thereby reducing the felling of trees. Shen Kuo wrote in his book “Mengxi Bi Tan”: “There is oil in the territory of Yan and Yan…it looks like pure lacquer, and it burns like hemp, but the smoke is very thick, and the stained curtain is very black…This thing must be big in the future. In the world, it has been done since the beginning of time. Oil is the most, and it is born in the ground endlessly, not like pine wood that is sometimes exhausted.” He tried to use the soot generated by burning oil to make ink, “The black light is like lacquer, and the pine ink is not as good as it.” . Shen Kuo discovered oil and predicted that “this thing will be popular in the world in the future”, which is very rare.
In the Yuan Dynasty, “Yuan Yi Tong Zhi” recorded that “an oil well was dug in Nanying River, Yanchang County, and the oil was combustible. There is a well in Yongping Village, with a yearly income of 400 jin, which enters the Yanfeng warehouse on the road.” It also said, “Oil is obtained from the stone well in Yaoqu Village, West Twenty Li, Yijun County. Officially digging wells for oil production by hand, its use has been expanded to treat livestock skin diseases, and it is officially purchased and put into storage.

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